Design and Analysis of an Ultra-Compact Triple-Slotted Hexagonal-Shaped Patch Antenna for IoT Applications in the THz Band
| Authors | Jubayer Khan Hridoy1, Md. Ashraful Islam1, , Sujan Chandra Roy2, Rakibul Hasan Masum1, Laila Naznin1 |
| Affiliations |
1Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kishoreganj University, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh |
| Е-mail | ras_ice@ru.ac.bd |
| Issue | Volume 18, Year 2026, Number 2 |
| Dates | Received 30 December 2025; revised manuscript received 18 April 2026; published online 29 April 2026 |
| Citation | Jubayer Khan Hridoy, Md. Ashraful Islam, et al., J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 18 No 2, 02007 (2026) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.18(2).02007 |
| PACS Number(s) | 84.40.Ba |
| Keywords | IoT (8) , THz band, Hexagonal shape patch, CST (7) , Triple-slot. |
| Annotation |
The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G communication systems necessitates antennas capable of delivering ultra-high data rates and wide bandwidths in the terahertz (THz) frequency band. This paper presents the design and development of a novel graphene-based triple-slotted hexagonal-shaped patch (TSHP) antenna intended for IoT applications in the THz frequency band. The proposed antenna features a compact hexagonal geometry with strategically incorporated slots and a partial ground structure to optimize key performance metrics, including bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. The design process involved rigorous computational simulations to optimize the antenna structure for operation in the THz band, ensuring minimal loss and high precision. The CST Microwave Studio simulation environment is used to investigate the performance of the proposed antenna with an 80 60 m2 footprint. The simulation results demonstrate a broad bandwidth of 0.86 THz, a low return loss of – 36.76 dB, a high gain of 7.71 dB, and an efficiency of 81.59 %. The use of graphene as a conductive material enhances electrical and thermal performance, enabling the TSHP antenna to meet the stringent requirements of high-speed IoT networks. This work provides a robust foundation for developing efficient THz antennas, advancing the capabilities of next-generation IoT and 5G communication systems. |
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List of References |
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