Modeling of Surface-Emitting Terahertz Quantum Cascade Laser Based on Difference Frequency Generation
| Authors | A. Hamadou1,2 , J.-Luc. Thobel3 |
| Affiliations |
1Département d’Optique, Institut d’Optique et de Mécanique de Précision, Université Sétif 1, 19000 Algeria 2Laboratoire D’étude des Surfaces et Interfaces des Matériaux Solides (LESIMS), Université Sétif 1, 19000 Algeria 3Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR 8520, Université Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cédex, France |
| Е-mail | abd_hamado@yahoo.fr |
| Issue | Volume 17, Year 2025, Number 1 |
| Dates | Received 25 December 2024; revised manuscript received 18 February 2025; published online 27 February 2025 |
| Citation | A. Hamadou, J.-Luc. Thobel, J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 17 No 1, 01012 (2025) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.17(1).01012 |
| PACS Number(s) | 42.55.Ah, 42.55.Px |
| Keywords | Terahertz quantum cascade laser, Difference-frequency generation, Surface emission scheme, Optical efficiency. |
| Annotation |
In this paper, we propose a simple method to calculate the THz field and THz power generated via intra-cavity difference frequency generation in a dual-wavelength mid-infrared quantum cascade laser. The approach is based on using a surface emission scheme in the nonlinear waveguide. The results show that the THz output power varies linearly with the product of the tow mid-infrared pump powers, and strongly depends on the cover refractive index for the THz waves. Specifically, a higher refractive index leads to a significant increase in THz power, while a low product of the pump powers levels result in weak output power. Additionally, the effect of nonlinear film thickness on optical efficiency is considered. The efficiency decreases as the film thickness increases. This is due to the dependence of the THz field amplitude in the cover region on the film-substrate and film-cover interfaces, which is significantly affected by the film thickness. Our model generates output power through surface emission, in agreement with existing experimental results, highlighting the importance of optimizing the cover material and film thickness to improve output power and THz efficiency. |
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