Design of a Miniaturized Frequency-Reconfigurable Microstrip Antenna Using PIN Diodes and Defected Ground Structure for Modern Wireless Communication
| Authors | D.O.Sakle1, M.P. Deshmukh2 |
| Affiliations |
1Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Government College of Engineering, 425001Jalgaon, India 2Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, SSBTCOE&T425001Bambhori, Jalgaon, India
|
| Е-mail | dipaksakle.vis@gcoej.ac.in |
| Issue | Volume 18, Year 2026, Number 4 |
| Dates | Received 10 March 2026; revised manuscript received 17 August 2026; published online 21 August 2026 |
| Citation | D.O.Sakle, M.P. Deshmukh, J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 18 No 4, 04025 (2026) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.18(4).04025 |
| PACS Number(s) | 84.40.Ba |
| Keywords | Miniature, DGS (9) , Patch antenna (2) , Frequency reconfiguration, PIN diode. |
| Annotation |
This paper presents a frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna with a modified defect in the ground plane. Frequency reconfiguration is achieved using two PIN diodes embedded in the ground plane at the appropriate locations. A DC biasing network was incorporated to supply the PIN diodes. The effect of the DC biasing network on the performance of the resonance frequency of the antenna is also presented. By altering the states of the PIN diodes, the antenna can operate in three different modes with resonance in four different frequency bands at 2.42 GHz (Wi-Fi), 3.62 GHz (n-78), 5.55 GHz (5G Wi-Fi), and 6.2 GHz (n-96). The proposed antenna has a small size of 16 17 mm2 and is fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate. A strong correlation between the simulation and measurement results of the reflection coefficient with |S11| ≤ – 10 dB was achieved across all three operating modes of the proposed design, confirming its validity. The miniature size of the antenna makes it useful for modern wireless equipment, where space is the main issue. |
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