Cloud String Cosmological Model of Bianchi Type-III with Bulk Viscosity in General Relativity
| Authors | Varsha Maheshwari, Laxmi Poonia |
| Affiliations |
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303007, India |
| Е-mail | arsha.maheshwari45@gmail.com |
| Issue | Volume 17, Year 2025, Number 5 |
| Dates | Received 10 August 2025; revised manuscript received 22 October 2025; published online 30 October 2025 |
| Citation | Varsha Maheshwari, Laxmi Poonia, J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 17 No 5, 05029 (2025) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.17(5).05029 |
| PACS Number(s) | 04.20. – q, 98.80. – k, 98.80.Jk |
| Keywords | Bianchi type-III, String, osmology, Bulk viscosity. |
| Annotation |
In our study of the Bianchi Type-III cosmological model with cloud strings and bulk viscosity in General Relativity, we explore its physical and geometric properties by considering a generalized equation of state, is the energy density and is the string tension density. The influence of bulk viscosity is examined through the relation, which helps understand its effects on the model's evolution. Bulk viscosity plays a significant role in the dynamics of the early universe by modifying the expansion rate and entropy production. The assumed power-law dependence provides insights into dissipative processes affecting cosmic fluid evolution. The study also includes the calculation of the shear scalar and expansion scalar to examine the model’s kinematic properties. This cosmological model represents a shearing, non-rotational, and continuously expanding universe, beginning from a big-bang state. However, since the model does not become isotropic for large values of T. These quantities provide insight into the anisotropic behaviour and dissipation effects in the universe. The obtained solutions highlight the impact of viscosity on structure formation and cosmic evolution. |
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