Controlled Deposition of Zn Thin Films by Spin Coating: Influence of Spin Speed on Film Microstructure and Transparency
| Authors | M. Baneto1,2, D. Djagbai1,2, E. Mouzou1,2, 3 , A.D. Gboglo1,2, O. Ako1,2, M.F. Kouide1,2, D. Kassegne1,2 |
| Affiliations |
1Centre d’Excellence Régional pour la Maîtrise de l’Electricité (CERME), University of Lomé, 01BP 1515 Lomé, Togo 2Laboratory on Solar Energy, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, 01BP 1515 Lomé, Togo 3Physics of Semiconductor Materials and Components Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, 01BP 1515 Lomé, Togo |
| Е-mail | mazbaneto@gmail.com |
| Issue | Volume 17, Year 2025, Number 5 |
| Dates | Received 20 August 2025; revised manuscript received 18 October 2025; published online 30 October 2025 |
| Citation | M. Baneto, D. Djagbai, et al., J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 17 No 5, 05016 (2025) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.17(5).05016 |
| PACS Number(s) | 61.72. – y, 73.50.Pz |
| Keywords | Thin films (60) , Zinc oxide (10) , Microstructure (21) , Spin coating (5) , Spin speed, Photovoltaic applications. |
| Annotation |
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were synthesized on glass substrates using the sol–gel spin coating method to investigate the effect of substrate rotation speed on their structural, morphological, and optical properties. Zinc acetate dihydrate, 2-methoxyethanol, and monoethanolamine were used as precursor, solvent, and stabilizer, respectively. The coating process was performed at spin speeds ranging from 1500 to 6500 rpm for 40 seconds. The films were subsequently preheated at 200 °C for 10 minutes and annealed at 400 °C for 3 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all films exhibited a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that film morphology was significantly influenced by spin speed: low-speed coatings resulted in rough, heterogeneous surfaces, while higher speeds (≥ 4500 rpm) produced smooth, uniform films. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed that all samples maintained high transparency (above 70 %) in the visible region, with the highest transmittance (85 %) observed at 6500 rpm. The optical band gap varied between 3.28 and 3.32 eV depending on the spin speed. These results highlight the suitability of spin-coated ZnO thin films for transparent electrode applications in photovoltaic devices. |
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List of References |
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