Ultrasonic Method of Blood Flow Velocity Determination: Physical Bases and Vector Visualization

Authors	І.M. Lukavenko¹, M.O. Kyrychenko¹, V.M. Matuznyi¹, O.V. Psaryova²
Affiliations	¹Sumy State University, 2, Rymsky-Korsakov St., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine ²Medical Centre "Familia Medikus", 70, Petropavlivs’ka St., 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
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Issue	Volume 15, Year 2023, Number 2
Dates	Received 15 February 2023; revised manuscript received 21 April 2023; published online 27 April 2023
Citation	І.M. Lukavenko, M.O. Kyrychenko, V.M. Matuznyi, O.V. Psaryova, J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 15 No 2, 02027 (2023)
DOI	https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.15(2).02027
PACS Number(s)	85.30.De, 85.30.Tv, 73.40.Qv
Keywords	Ultrasound diagnostics (USD), Doppler effect, Sonograms, Blood flow velocity.
Annotation	In the work, the mechanisms of the influence of ultrasound waves on biological tissues from the point of view of visualization of pathological processes in them and blood flow speed estimation of based on the Doppler effect were studied. It was established that the reflection and absorption of ultrasound by tissues depends on their structure, properties, and frequency of ultrasonic oscillations. The ultrasound absorption coefficient changes significantly when the structure and state of the tissue changes due to the development of a pathological process in it. Ultrasound in the therapeutic effect on tissue causes mechanical, thermal and physical and chemical effects, the ratio between which depends on the intensity of action and external conditions. On the basis of sonograms obtained in ultrasound devices using the Doppler effect, an assessment of the blood flow rate in the vessels of various organs and benign tumors was carried out. It is shown that in large vessels, the speed of erythrocytes varies depending on their location relative to the central axis. The ultrasound wave is reflected from different erythrocytes, so the Doppler shift is a frequency interval. This method allows you to quantitatively measure the average linearspeed of blood flow.
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