Study of Pore Distribution in Activated Carbon by Low-Temperature Nitrogen Adsorption
| Authors | V.M. Vashchynskyi , Ya.B. Vashchynska |
| Affiliations |
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine |
| Е-mail | v.vashchynskyi@gmail.com |
| Issue | Volume 18, Year 2026, Number 1 |
| Dates | Received 30 October 2025; revised manuscript received 18 February 2026; published online 25 February 2026 |
| Citation | V.M. Vashchynskyi, Ya.B. Vashchynska, J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 18 No 1, 01030 (2026) |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.18(1).01030 |
| PACS Number(s) | 81.05.Rm, 68.43. – h, 61.46. + w |
| Keywords | Apricot kernel shells, Carbonization temperature, Activated carbon, Adsorption Isotherm, Pore structure. |
| Annotation |
Activated carbon (AC) samples were prepared from apricot kernel shells waste using a two-step pyrolytic activation process. The influence of carbonization temperature on the pore structure and pore size distribution of the ACs was investigated. The results showed that a high activation temperature and chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) promote the development of porosity. In this study, the pore structure was analyzed by nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements at 77 K over a wide relative pressure range (P/P0 0.050 – 1.0). Carbonization of apricot kernel shells at 300°C accelerates the removal of volatile components and leads to the formation of a larger number of mesopores, whereas increasing the temperature to 400 – 600°C favors the development of a microporous structure. The highest specific surface area, determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, was obtained for sample AC31 and amounted to 1313 m2 g-1, while the pore diameter determined by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method was 2.25 nm. The Vmicro values obtained for all synthesized AC samples correlate well with those determined by the Horvath–Kawazoe (HK) and Saito–Foley (SF) methods, which take into account the contribution of narrow cylindrical pores. According to the t-plot method, the largest micropore volume was 0.469 cm3 g-1 for sample AC61 carbonized at 600°C. |
|
List of References |
Other articles from this number
1) Design and Implementation of a Compact Wideband Wearable Antenna for ISM/WiMAX/WiFi/5G Band Body-Centric Wireless Applications [01001-1-01001-12]2) Formation of the (Ti, V)(C, N) Multicomponent Solid Solution by Mechanical Alloying of the TiPT-4–VN-CGr Powder Blend [01002-1-01002-7]
3) Electronic Structure of ZnTS Crystals Modified by the Zn-S Swap Disorder [01003-1-01003-6]
4) Mathematical Modeling of Permissible Thermoelastic Stress Distribution in Optical Elements of Electrical Power Systems [01004-1-01004-6]
5) Influence of Calcination Temperature on Optical Properties of AlSbO4 Alloy Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method [01005-1-01005-4]
6) The Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Filled with Graphene [01006-1-01006-5]
7) Effect of Synthesis Temperature on Optical Performance of ZnO-TA Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications [01007-1-01007-9]
8) Multitaper Spatial Frequency Domain Signal Noise Reduction in Magnetic Resonance Imaging [01008-1-01008-6]
9) Multi-Task Neural Network for Medical Diagnosis Targeted for FPGA Deployment [01009-1-01009-6]
10) Design and Development of an Electric Current Sensor to Monitor and Automate the Cleaning of Photovoltaic Power Plants [01010-1-01010-5]
11) An ab initio-Based Computational Scheme for Description the Kinetic Properties of Wurtzite Zinc Oxide [01011-1-01011-5]
12) Structural and Chemical Features of Epoxy Composites Filled with Biogenic Lignocellulosic Filler Obtained from Agro-Industrial Waste [01012-1-01012-7]
13) Electrical Conductivity of Thin Films of Copper-Nickel Alloys [01013-1-01013-7]
14) Linear Antenna Array Design with Dolph-Chebyshev Method for High Gain and Side-Lobe Reduction in Wireless Systems [01014-1-01014-4]
15) A Haptic Feedback Glove Based on Arduino for the Welfare of Unsighted People [01015-1-01015-4]
16) Rotman Lens-Based Multibeam Planar Antenna System for UWB IoT Applications [01016-1-01016-5]
17) A Co-relative study on DDR Diamond and Si-based IMPATTs in Terahertz Regime [01017-1-01017-4]
18) Development of Compact, Low-Power CMOS Toggle Flip-Flops for High-Speed Applications [01018-1-01018-5]
19) Proximity Coupled Dual Antenna Design For X Band Applications [01019-1-01019-5]
20) Design and Analysis of an Energy-Efficient Voltage Level Shifter for Low-Power Applications [01020-1-01020-5]
21) Influence of Nano-Carbon Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites: A Study on Static and Dynamic Modulus Variations [01021-1-01021-5]
22) Dimension Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Different Substrates [01022-1-01022-4]
23) An Optimal Antenna Design for Smart Traffic Management System Using CST [01023-1-01023-4]
24) Analysis of 1 х 4 Array Patch Antenna for 5G Communication [01024-1-01024-4]
25) Inflation in Creation Field Cosmology with Bulk Viscosity and Variable Cosmological Constant [01025-1-01025-5]
26) Oscillations in GaN Diode with 2D-h-BN – Layer [01026-1-01026-5]
27) Conditions for Pulse Gas-Discharge Synthesis of Thin Films with High Ion Conductivity [01027-1-01027-6]
28) Application of Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms for Modeling the Thermomechanical Properties of Nano-Filled Epoxy Composites [01028-1-01028-10]
29) Enhanced Solar Cell Performance Using Graphene/TiO2 Composite as Electron Transport Layer [01029-1-01029-7]
30) Features of Imparting Antistatic Properties to Epoxy Systems Using Carbon Nanotubes [01031-1-01031-4]
31) Effect of Current Density on the Chemical Composition of ZnS Nanoparticles in the Absence and Presence of the ATLAS FLUKA Surfactant [01032-1-01032-6]
32) A Decagonal Quad-Band Slitted Microstrip Antenna for 5G Wireless Networks [01033-1-01033-5]
33) Impact of Active and Passive Cooling on Photovoltaic Modules Performance’s [01034-1-01034-5]
34) Numerical Investigation of Electrical Characteristics in Cross-Linked Polyethylene for PV Applications [01035-1-01035-4]
35) Transient Analysis and Comparison of Various Voltage and Current Mode Sense Amplifiers [01036-1-01036-5]
