Optimized Dual Coupling PIFA for Low SAR Smartphone and Wearable Applications

PIFAs are valued for their compact size, low profile, and ability to provide good radiation efficiency for wireless applications. The proposed PIFA resonates at 2.4 GHz frequency with better radiation efficiency and gain performance. For the proposed PIFA operating at this frequency, contains a patch size dimension of 22 x 7.25 mm2 and possesses substrate height of 1.3 mm. The novel aspect of this proposed design is broadband width and achieved a better performance. The design of a PIFA also includes a shorting pin, which connects the radiating patch to the ground plane. This feature helps to reduce the overall size of the antenna by lowering the resonant frequency, making PIFA highly suitable for compact devices like smartphones, tablets, wearables, and IoT devices. The shorting pin and the feed pin work together to ensure that power is efficiently transferred to the antenna for radiation, thus maximizing its performance within the frequency band. The shorting pin, which connects the radiating patch to the ground, plays a key role in reducing the antenna’s size by lowering its resonant frequency. For smartphone applications, the dual coupling PIFA, with dimensions of 25 x 10.8 mm2 and a fully covered copper ground plane, demonstrated remarkable efficiency and SAR reduction capabilities. The designed antenna will operate at 2.35 to 2.45 GHz frequencies respectively.